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Register your product to gain access to bonus material or receive a coupon. This eBook includes the following formats, accessible from your Account page after purchase:. EPUB The open industry format known for its reflowable content and usability on supported mobile devices. This eBook requires no passwords or activation to read. We customize your eBook by discreetly watermarking it with your name, making it uniquely yours. The 15 project-based lessons in this book show readers step-by-step the key techniques for working in After Effects CS6 and how to work efficiently and deliver in the widest possible range of media types.

Everything you need to master the software is included: clear explanations of each lesson, step-by-step instructions, and the project files for the students. Classroom in a Book offers what no other book or training program does—an official training series from Adobe Systems Incorporated, developed with the support of Adobe product experts. Download Chapter 4: Working with Shape Layers. The Stock Footage folder was inadvertently left off of the companion disc. I would like to receive exclusive offers and hear about products from Adobe Press and its family of brands.

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Occasionally, we may sponsor a contest or drawing. Participation is optional. Examples are face-to-face discussion, online real-time live teacher instruction and feedback, Skype conversations, and chat rooms or virtual classrooms where everyone is online and working collaboratively at the same time.

Since students are working collaboratively, synchronized learning helps students become more open-minded because they have to actively listen and learn from their peers. Synchronized learning fosters online awareness and improves many students' writing skills. Asynchronous learning may use technologies such as learning management systems , email , blogs , wikis , and discussion boards , as well as web -supported textbooks, [76] hypertext documents, audio [77] video courses, and social networking using web 2.

At the professional educational level, training may include virtual operating rooms. Asynchronous learning is beneficial for students who have health problems or who have child care responsibilities. They have the opportunity to complete their work in a low-stress environment and within a more flexible time frame.

Being a non-traditional student, they can manage their daily life and school with and still have the social aspect. Asynchronous collaborations allow the student to reach out for help when needed and provides helpful guidance, depending on how long it takes them to complete the assignment. Many tools used for these courses are but not limited to: videos, class discussions, and group projects.

Students have access to an incredible variety of enrichment courses in online learning, and still participate in college courses, internships, sports, or work and still graduate with their class. Computer-based training CBT refers to self-paced learning activities delivered on a computer or handheld device such as a tablet or smartphone. Computer-based training is conceptually similar to web-based training WBT , which is delivered via Internet using a web browser. Assessing learning in a CBT is often by assessments that can be easily scored by a computer such as multiple-choice questions, drag-and-drop, radio button, simulation or other interactive means.

Assessments are easily scored and recorded via online software, providing immediate end-user feedback and completion status. Users are often able to print completion records in the form of certificates. CBTs provide learning stimulus beyond traditional learning methodology from textbook, manual, or classroom-based instruction.

CBTs can be a good alternative to printed learning materials since rich media, including videos or animations, can be embedded to enhance the learning. However, CBTs pose some learning challenges. Typically, the creation of effective CBTs requires enormous resources. The software for developing CBTs is often more complex than a subject matter expert or teacher is able to use.

Computer-supported collaborative learning CSCL uses instructional methods designed to encourage or require students to work together on learning tasks, allowing social learning. CSCL is similar in concept to the terminology, "e-learning 2. This collaborative learning differs from instruction in which the instructor is the principal source of knowledge and skills. In contrast to that linear delivery of content, often directly from the instructor's material, CSCL uses social software such as blogs , social media, wikis , podcasts , cloud-based document portals, and discussion groups and virtual worlds.

Mobile-assisted language learning MALL is the use of handheld computers or cell phones to assist in language learning. Collaborative apps allow students and teachers to interact while studying. Apps are designed after games, which provide a fun way to revise. When the experience is enjoyable, the students become more engaged. Games also usually come with a sense of progression, which can help keep students motivated and consistent while trying to improve.

Classroom 2. Known as "eTwinning", computer-supported collaborative learning CSCL allows learners in one school to communicate with learners in another that they would not get to know otherwise, [86] [87] enhancing educational outcomes [88] and cultural integration. Further, many researchers distinguish between collaborative and cooperative approaches to group learning.

For example, Roschelle and Teasley argue that "cooperation is accomplished by the division of labour among participants, as an activity where each person is responsible for a portion of the problem solving", in contrast with collaboration that involves the "mutual engagement of participants in a coordinated effort to solve the problem together. Social technology, and social media specifically, provides avenues for student learning that would not be available otherwise.

For example, it provides ordinary students a chance to exist in the same room as, and share a dialogue with researchers, politicians, and activists. This is because it vaporizes the geographical barriers that would otherwise separate people. Social technologies like Twitter can provide students with an archive of free data that goes back for multiple decades.

Many classrooms and educators are already taking advantage of this free resource—for example, researchers and educators at the University of Central Florida in used Tweets posted relating to emergencies like Hurricane Irene as data-points, in order to teach their students how to code data.

This is an instructional strategy in which computer-assisted teaching is integrated with classroom instruction. Students are given basic essential instruction, such as lectures, before class instead of during class.

Instructional content is delivered outside of the classroom, often online. The out-of-class delivery includes streaming video, reading materials, online chats, and other resources. Numerous types of physical technology are currently used: [98] [99] digital cameras, video cameras, interactive whiteboard tools, document cameras, electronic media , and LCD projectors. Combinations of these techniques include blogs , collaborative software , ePortfolios , and virtual classrooms.

The current design of this type of applications includes the evaluation through tools of cognitive analysis that allow to identify which elements optimize the use of these platforms.

Video technology [] has included VHS tapes and DVDs , as well as on-demand and synchronous methods with digital video via server or web-based options such as streamed video and webcams. Videotelephony can connect with speakers and other experts. Interactive digital video games are being used at K and higher education institutions.

Radio offers a synchronous educational vehicle, while streaming audio over the internet with webcasts and podcasts can be asynchronous. Classroom microphones, often wireless, can enable learners and educators to interact more clearly. Screencasting allows users to share their screens directly from their browser and make the video available online so that other viewers can stream the video directly.

In combination with audio and video, the educator can mimic the one-on-one experience of the classroom. Learners have the ability to pause and rewind, to review at their own pace, something a classroom cannot always offer. Webcams and webcasting have enabled the creation of virtual classrooms and virtual learning environment. Collaborative learning is a group-based learning approach in which learners are mutually engaged in a coordinated fashion to achieve a learning goal or complete a learning task.

With recent developments in smartphone technology, the processing powers and storage capabilities of modern mobiles allow for advanced development and the use of apps. Many app developers and education experts have been exploring smartphone and tablet apps as a medium for collaborative learning. Computers and tablets enable learners and educators to access websites as well as applications.

Many mobile devices support m-learning. Mobile devices such as clickers and smartphones can be used for interactive audience response feedback. Such devices as iPads are used for helping disabled visually impaired or with multiple disabilities children in communication development as well as in improving physiological activity, according to the iStimulation Practice Report.

Computers in the classroom have been shown to increase rates of engagement and interest when computers and smart devices are utilized educationally in classrooms. Group webpages, blogs , wikis , and Twitter allow learners and educators to post thoughts, ideas, and comments on a website in an interactive learning environment.

Social networking encourages collaboration and engagement [] and can be a motivational tool for self-efficacy amongst students. There are three types of whiteboards. The term whiteboard is also used metaphorically to refer to virtual whiteboards in which computer software applications simulate whiteboards by allowing writing or drawing.

This is a common feature of groupware for virtual meetings, collaboration, and instant messaging. Interactive whiteboards allow learners and instructors to write on the touch screen. The screen markup can be on either a blank whiteboard or any computer screen content. Depending on permission settings, this visual learning can be interactive and participatory, including writing and manipulating images on the interactive whiteboard.

A virtual learning environment VLE , also known as a learning platform, simulates a virtual classroom or meetings by simultaneously mixing several communication technologies. Web conferencing software enables students and instructors to communicate with each other via webcam, microphone, and real-time chatting in a group setting.

Participants can raise hands, answer polls, or take tests. Students can whiteboard and screencast when given rights by the instructor, who sets permission levels for text notes, microphone rights, and mouse control.

A virtual classroom provides an opportunity for students to receive direct instruction from a qualified teacher in an interactive environment. Learners can have direct and immediate access to their instructor for instant feedback and direction. The virtual classroom provides a structured schedule of classes, which can be helpful for students who may find the freedom of asynchronous learning to be overwhelming. Besides, the virtual classroom provides a social learning environment that replicates the traditional "brick and mortar" classroom.

Most virtual classroom applications provide a recording feature. Each class is recorded and stored on a server , which allows for instant playback of any class over the course of the school year. This can be extremely useful for students to retrieve missed material or review concepts for an upcoming exam. Parents and auditors have the conceptual ability to monitor any classroom to ensure that they are satisfied with the education the learner is receiving.

In higher education especially, a virtual learning environment VLE is sometimes combined with a management information system MIS to create a managed learning environment , in which all aspects of a course are handled through a consistent user interface throughout the institution. Physical universities and newer online-only colleges offer to select academic degrees and certificate programs via the Internet.

Some programs require students to attend some campus classes or orientations, but many are delivered completely online. Several universities offer online student support services, such as online advising and registration, e-counseling, online textbook purchases, student governments, and student newspapers. Augmented reality AR provides students and teachers with the opportunity to create layers of digital information, including both virtual world and real-world elements, to interact in real time.

In this vision, the technology's role is to enhance, rather than replace, human teachers' capabilities. A learning management system LMS is a software used for delivering, tracking, and managing training and education. It tracks data about attendance, time on task, and student progress. Educators can post announcements, grade assignments, check on course activity, and participate in class discussions.

Students can submit their work, read and respond to discussion questions, and take quizzes. The creation and maintenance of comprehensive learning content require substantial initial and ongoing investments of human labor. Effective translation into other languages and cultural contexts require even more investment by knowledgeable personnel.

Internet-based learning management systems include Canvas , Blackboard Inc. These types of LMS allow educators to run a learning system partially or fully online, asynchronously or synchronously.

Learning Management Systems also offer a non-linear presentation of content and curricular goals, giving students the choice of pace and order of information learned. A learning content management system LCMS is software for author content courses, reusable content objects.

A recent trend in LCMSs is to address this issue through crowdsourcing cf. SlideWiki []. Computer-aided assessment e-assessment ranges from automated multiple-choice tests to more sophisticated systems. With some systems, feedback can be geared towards a student's specific mistakes, or the computer can navigate the student through a series of questions adapting to what the student appears to have learned or not learned.

Formative assessment sifts out the incorrect answers, and these questions are then explained by the teacher. The learner then practices with slight variations of the sifted out questions. The process is completed by summative assessment using a new set of questions that only cover the topics previously taught.

A training management system or training resource management system is a software designed to optimize instructor-led training management. Similar to an enterprise resource planning ERP , it is a back office tool which aims at streamlining every aspect of the training process: planning training plan and budget forecasting , logistics scheduling and resource management , financials cost tracking, profitability , reporting, and sales for-profit training providers.

While training management systems focus on managing instructor-led training , they can complete an LMS. In this situation, an LMS will manage e-learning delivery and assessment, while a training management system will manage ILT and back-office budget planning, logistics, and reporting.

Content and design architecture issues include pedagogy and learning object re-use. One approach looks at five aspects: []. Pedagogical elements are defined as structures or units of educational material. They are the educational content that is to be delivered. These units are independent of format, meaning that although the unit may be delivered in various ways, the pedagogical structures themselves are not the textbook, web page, video conference , Podcast , lesson, assignment, multiple-choice question, quiz, discussion group or a case study, all of which are possible methods of delivery.

Much effort has been put into the technical reuse of electronically based teaching materials and, in particular, creating or re-using learning objects.

These are self-contained units that are properly tagged with keywords, or other metadata , and often stored in an XML file format. Creating a course requires putting together a sequence of learning objects. There are both proprietary and open, non-commercial and commercial, peer-reviewed repositories of learning objects such as the Merlot repository. Other specifications, such as Schools Interoperability Framework , allow for the transporting of learning objects , or for categorizing metadata LOM.

As artificial intelligence AI becomes more prominent in this age of big data , it has also been widely adopted in K classrooms. One prominent class of AI-enhanced educational technology is intelligent tutoring systems ITSs , designed to provide immediate and personalized feedbacks to students. The incentive to develop ITS comes from educational studies showing that individual tutoring is much more effective than group teaching, [] [] in addition to the need for promoting learning on a larger scale.

Over the years, a combination of cognitive science theories and data-driven techniques have greatly enhanced the capabilities of ITS, allowing it to model a wide range of students' characteristics, such as knowledge, [] affect, [] off-task behavior [] and wheel spinning.

Such systems can guide students through tasks slightly above their ability level. Recent works have also focused on developing AI-enhanced learning tools that support human teachers in coordinating classroom activities.

On the other hand, AI can share the workload and recommend the best course of actions e. Various forms of electronic media can be a feature of preschool life. The age when a given child might start using a particular technology such as a cellphone or computer might depend on matching a technological resource to the recipient's developmental capabilities, such as the age-anticipated stages labeled by Swiss psychologist, Jean Piaget.

At the preschool level, technology can be introduced in several ways. At the most basic is the use of computers, tablets, and audio and video resources in classrooms. Some options that are age-appropriate are video- or audio- recording of their creations, introducing them to the use of the internet through browsing age-appropriate websites, providing assistive technology to allow disabled children to participate with the rest of their peers, [] educational apps, electronic books, and educational videos.

Educational technology is also thought to improve hand-eye coordination, language skills, visual attention and motivation to complete educational tasks, and allows children to experience things they otherwise would not. There are activities and games that teach hands on coding skills that prepare students for the coding concepts they will encounter and use in their future. E-learning is utilized by public K—12 schools in the United States as well as private schools.

Some e-learning environments take place in a traditional classroom; others allow students to attend classes from home or other locations. There are several states that are utilizing virtual school platforms for e-learning across the country that continue to increase.

Virtual school enables students to log into synchronous learning or asynchronous learning courses anywhere there is an internet connection.

E-learning is increasingly being utilized by students who may not want to go to traditional brick and mortar schools due to severe allergies or other medical issues, fear of school violence and school bullying and students whose parents would like to homeschool but do not feel qualified. Online charter schools also often are not limited by location, income level or class size in the way brick and mortar charter schools are.

E-learning also has been rising as a supplement to the traditional classroom. Students with special talents or interests outside of the available curricula use e-learning to advance their skills or exceed grade restrictions. National private schools are also available online. These provide the benefits of e-learning to students in states where charter online schools are not available.

They also may allow students greater flexibility and exemption from state testing. Some of these schools are available at the high school level and offer college prep courses to students. Virtual education in K schooling often refers to virtual schools , and in higher education to virtual universities. Virtual schools are "cyber charter schools " [] with innovative administrative models and course delivery technology.

Education technology also seems to be an interesting method of engaging gifted youths that are under-stimulated in their current educational program. Although a large proportion of for-profit higher education institutions now offer online classes, only about half of private, non-profit schools do so. Private institutions may become more involved with on-line presentations as the costs decrease.

Properly trained staff must also be hired to work with students online. Online education is rapidly increasing, and online doctoral programs have even developed at leading research universities. Although massive open online courses MOOCs may have limitations that preclude them from fully replacing college education, [] such programs have significantly expanded. MIT , Stanford and Princeton University offer classes to a global audience, but not for college credit.

MOOCs have not had a significant impact on higher education and declined after the initial expansion, but are expected to remain in some form. MOOCs have been observed to lose the majority of their initial course participants.

In a study performed by Cornell and Stanford universities, student-drop-out rates from MOOCs have been attributed to student anonymity, the solitude of the learning experience and to the lack of interaction with peers and with teachers.

E-learning is being used by companies to deliver mandatory compliance training and updates for regulatory compliance , soft skills and IT skills training, continuing professional development CPD and other valuable workplace skills.

Companies with spread out distribution chains use e-learning for delivering information about the latest product developments. Most of corporate e-learning is asynchronous and delivered and managed via learning management systems. There is an important need for recent, reliable, and high-quality health information to be made available to the public as well as in summarized form for public health providers. Another application in public health is the development of mHealth use of mobile telecommunication and multimedia into global public health.

MHealth has been used to promote prenatal and newborn services, with positive outcomes. In addition, "Health systems have implemented mHealth programs to facilitate emergency medical responses, point-of-care support, health promotion and data collection.

Effective technology use deploys multiple evidence-based strategies concurrently e. Modern educational technology can improve access to education, [] including full degree programs. Using online resources can help students spend more time on specific aspects of what they may be learning in school, but at home. The necessity to pay for transport to the educational facility is removed. Students appreciate the convenience of e-learning, but report greater engagement in face-to-face learning environments.

According to James Kulik, who studies the effectiveness of computers used for instruction, students usually learn more in less time when receiving computer-based instruction, and they like classes more and develop more positive attitudes toward computers in computer-based classes. Students can independently solve problems.

Students editing their written work on word processors improve the quality of their writing. According to some studies, the students are better at critiquing and editing written work that is exchanged over a computer network with students they know. Employers' acceptance of online education has risen over time. Seventy-nine percent said they had employed a candidate with an online degree in the past 12 months.

The use of educational apps generally has a positive effect on learning. Pre- and post-tests have revealed that the use of educational apps on mobile devices reduces the achievement gap between struggling and average students. The benefits of app-assisted learning have been exhibited in all age groups.

Kindergarten students that use iPads show much higher rates of literacy than non-users. Globally, factors like change management, technology obsolescence and vendor- developer partnership are major restraints that are hindering the growth of Educational technology market. In US, state and the federal government increased funding, as well as private venture capital has been flowing into education sector. However, as of [update] , none were looking at technology return on investment ROI to connect expenditures on technology with improved student outcomes.

New technologies are frequently accompanied by unrealistic hype and promise regarding their transformative power to change education for the better or in allowing better educational opportunities to reach the masses. Examples include silent film, broadcast radio, and television, none of which have maintained much of a foothold in the daily practices of mainstream, formal education. Retrieved February 2, February Ad Age.

November 16, Retrieved June 9, Retrieved September 24, June 22, September 15, Retrieved September 15, Retrieved May 4, July 13, Retrieved July 13, Retrieved October 14, Creator Academy. Gadgets Now. Golden Grid System.

January 8, Search Engine Land. October 16, Try Feather, Made for India". It has some cool features and some big drawbacks". Retrieved April 24, Gizmodo Media Group. Retrieved March 1, Archived from the original on January 6, Archived from the original on January 8, Archived from the original on January 20, December 21, Archived from the original on January 15, Next Big Sound.

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Archived from the original on December 12, Archived from the original on March 3, September 14, The New York Times Magazine. Archived from the original on August 3, January 25, Archived from the original on January 25, Archived from the original on January 22, Archived from the original on November 4, Wolfe, Liz April 26, Archived from the original on April 26, Archived from the original on January 4, Simao, Paul ed.

Archived from the original on September 21, Archived from the original on March 13, The Tokyo Times. Archived from the original on June 12, Archived from the original on January 2, CTV News. October 14, Archived from the original on October 29, Archived from the original on February 12, Forbes Magazine.

Retrieved March 28, Retrieved May 20, Alphabet Inc. February 3, January 26, Form K ". Retrieved April 16, Retrieved July 19, Kramer, Staci April 30, Nash Holdings LLC. Retrieved December 13, October 7, March 22, Retrieved March 23, March 17, Turns Out It Was Real". The Daily Beast.

Retrieved April 10, April 6, Retrieved April 6, Retrieved March 19, February 22, Retrieved January 19, December 3, Archived from the original on March 17, Retrieved March 27, — via YouTube.

December 19, Retrieved January 4, Solsman, Joan September 1, Boing Boing. Retrieved May 23, Univision Communications. March 27, Reporters Without Borders. March 11, The Qazaq Times. Retrieved January 23, January 16, May 29, Retrieved December 25, May 30, Archived from the original on April 16, July 2, Retrieved July 3, Retrieved October 31, The Wall Street Journal. Alexa Internet. Archived from the original on February 17, Kelley, Michael March 27, Retrieved March 27, NBC News.

February 24, ABC News Australia. February 26, Retrieved February 26, Silicon Republic. Archived from the original on June 29, May 20, January 18, Agence France-Presse. Retrieved February 7, Retrieved September 18, The News. September 29, Archived from the original on January 17, Retrieved September 13, Retrieved February 27, March 1, Dickey, Megan Rose February 15, Haran, Brady ; Hamilton, Ted.

Brady Haran. Archived from the original on December 26, Retrieved April 8, Kelsey, Todd Lacy, Sarah Richmond: Crimson. Walker, Rob June 28, YouTube at Wikipedia's sister projects. Scholia has a topic profile for YouTube. Google History Social impact. Most-subscribed channels Music artists Most-viewed channels Multi-channel network list Official channel Original channels. Most-viewed videos 24 hours Arabic music videos French music videos Indian videos Pakistani videos Most-liked videos Most-disliked videos.

Google, Inc. Kohistan video case Korean backdoor advertisement controversy Lenz v. YouTube, Inc. Tilghman Rachel Whetstone. Logo since Screenshot of homepage on 14 November Online video platform. February 14, ; 17 years ago Worldwide excluding blocked countries. Alphabet, Inc. Google LLC —present. Uploader holds copyright standard license ; Creative Commons can be selected. United States and worldwide launch.

English , Spanish. February 14, []. June 19, []. French , Catalan , Basque. English , Irish. Italian , German , Catalan. Spanish , Galician , Catalan , Basque. United Kingdom. October 11, []. Hong Kong. Chinese , English.

October 17, []. October 22, []. New Zealand. English , French. November 6, []. November 8, []. November 13, []. South Korea. January 23, []. May 7, []. Hebrew , Arabic. September 16, Czech Republic. October 9, []. South Africa. English , Afrikaans , Zulu. May 17, [].

September 8, []. Arabic , French. March 9, []. French , Arabic. Saudi Arabia. English , Swahili. September 1, []. Filipino , English. October 13, []. English , Malay , Chinese , Tamil. October 20, []. French , Dutch , German. November 16, []. November 30, [].

December 2, []. December 7, []. January 20, []. February 29, []. Malay , English. March 22, []. March 25, []. United Arab Emirates. Arabic , English. April 1, []. Indonesian , English. June 5, []. French , English. July 4, []. October 1, []. December 13, []. February 1, []. Finnish , Swedish. German , French , Italian. March 29, []. April 18, []. This book covers every aspect of the design process backed up by a lot of examples.

You can even learn to write and use expressions in After Effects. This eBook is so informative that Adobe has made it available for free on its website. You will learn what expressions are, how they work, and how to use them properly.

By the end of this book, you will be able to use some of the most common and useful After Effects expressions. You will also be able to expand your knowledge to a more advanced level. Instead of going through and describing things as other eBooks in this list do, How to cheat in After Effects tackles one trick at a time. There are a few steps to follow which make this book worth your time.

It is pretty simple and easy to follow. However, this book is meant for people with a little bit of After Effects knowledge already. An absolute beginner should first follow other eBooks listed in the article to learn the essential basics of After Effects. This cheat format is ridiculously fun.

 

寒くなりました。: ばんざい日記.Lesson Files and Media Page - Adobe® After Effects® CS6 classroom in a book® [Book]

 

Educational technology commonly abbreviated as edutechor edtech is the combined use of effecys hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning. In addition to practical educational experience, educational adobe after effects cs6 classroom in a book pdf free is based on theoretical knowledge from various disciplines such as communication, education, psychology, sociology, artificial intelligence, and computer science.

The Association for Educational Communications and Technology AECT defined educational technology as "the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using and afteg appropriate technological processes and resources". Educational technology is the process перейти на источник integrating technology into education in a positive manner that promotes a more diverse learning environment and a way вот ссылка students to learn how to use technology as well as their common assignments.

Accordingly, there are several discrete aspects to describing the intellectual and technical development of educational technology:. Educational technology is an inclusive term for both the material tools, processes, and fefects theoretical foundations for supporting learning and teaching.

Educational technology is not restricted to high technology but is anything that enhances classroom learning in the utilization of blended, face to face, or online learning. An educational technologist is someone who is trained продолжение здесь the field of educational technology. Educational technologists try to analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate process and tools to enhance learning. Modern electronic нажмите сюда technology is an important part of society today.

Each of these numerous terms has had its advocates, who point up potential distinctive features. Moreover, Moore saw these terminologies as emphasizing particular features such as digitization approaches, components or delivery methods rather than being fundamentally dissimilar in concept or principle.

In practice, as technology has advanced, the particular "narrowly defined" terminological aspect that was initially rree by name has blended into the general field of educational technology.

Accordingly, virtual education refers to a form of distance adobe after effects cs6 classroom in a book pdf free in which course content is delivered by various methods such as course management applicationsmultimedia resources, and videoconferencing. Educational content, pervasively embedded in objects, is all around the learner, who may not even be conscious of the learning process.

Helping people and children learn in ways that are easier, faster, more accurate, or less expensive can be traced back to the emergence of very early tools, such as paintings on cave walls. Writing slates and blackboards have been used for at least a millennium.

From the early twentieth century, duplicating machines such as the mimeograph and Gestetner stencil devices were used to produce short copy runs typically 10—50 copies for classroom or home use. The use of media for instructional purposes is generally traced back to the first decade of the 20th century [30] with the introduction of educational films s and Sidney Pressey's mechanical teaching machines s. The first all multiple choicelarge-scale assessment was the Army Alphaused to assess the intelligence and, more specifically, the aptitudes of World War I military recruits.

Further large-scale use of technologies was employed adobe after effects cs6 classroom in a book pdf free training soldiers during and adobe after effects cs6 classroom in a book pdf free WWII using films and взято отсюда mediated materials, such as overhead projectors.

The concept of hypertext is traced to the description of memex by Frwe Bush in Slide projectors were widely used during the s in educational institutional settings. Cuisenaire rods were devised in the s and saw widespread use from the late s. Atkinsonexperimented with using computers to teach arithmetic and spelling via Teletypes to elementary school students in the Palo Alto Unified School District in California.

Online education originated from the University of Illinois in Although the internet would not be created for another decade, evfects were able to access class information with linked computer terminals. InMIT began providing online classes free of charge. As of [update]approximately 5. Currently, one out of three college students takes at least one online course while in college.

Also, in2. From this information, it can be concluded that the number of students taking classes online is on the steady increase. In the recent article, "Shift happens: online education as a new paradigm in learning", Linda Harasim covers an overview on the history of online education as well as a framework for understanding the type of need it addresses, the concept of distance learning has already been invented for many centuries.

The value of online education is not found adobe after effects cs6 classroom in a book pdf free its ability to have established a method for distance learning, but rather in its power to make this type of learning process more efficient by providing a medium in which the instructor and their students can virtually interact with one another in real time.

The topic of online education started primarily in the late adobe after effects cs6 classroom in a book pdf free when institutions and businesses started to make products to assist students' learning.

These groups desired a adobe after effects cs6 classroom in a book pdf free to further develop educational services across the globe, primarily to developing countries. Inthe University of Illinois created a system of linked computer terminals, known as parallels desktop 13 full indir free download Intranet, to give students adobe after effects cs6 classroom in a book pdf free to recorded lectures and course materials that they could watch or use on their clsssroom time.

This type of concept, called PLATO programmed logic for automatic teaching operationswas rapidly introduced throughout the globe. Many institutions adopted this similar technique while the internet was in its developmental phase. InIvan Illich published a hugely influential book, Deschooling Societyin which he envisioned "learning webs" as a model for people to network the learning they needed. The s and s saw notable contributions in computer-based learning by Murray Turoff and Starr Roxanne Hiltz at the New Jersey Institute of Technology [39] as well as developments at the University of Guelph in Canada.

Efdects the mids, accessing course content became possible at many college libraries. In computer-based training CBT or computer-based learning CBLthe learning interaction was between the student and computer drills or micro-world simulations.

Digitized communication and networking in education started in the mids. Educational institutions began to take advantage of что maya 2016 autodesk free download хотел new medium by offering distance learning courses using computer networking for information. Videoconferencing was an important forerunner to the educational technologies known today. This work was especially popular with museum education.

Even in recent years, videoconferencing has risen in popularity to reach over 20, students across the United States and Canada in — Disadvantages of this form of educational technology are readily apparent: image and sound quality is often grainy or pixelated; videoconferencing requires setting up a type of mini-television studio within the museum for broadcast, space becomes an issue, and specialised equipment is required for both wffects provider and the participant.

With the advent of World Wide Web in the s, teachers embarked on the method of using emerging technologies to employ multi-object oriented sites, which are text-based online virtual reality systems, to create course websites along with simple sets of instructions for their students. Bythe first online high school had been founded. InGraziadei described criteria for evaluating products ppdf developing technology-based courses that include being portable, replicable, scalable, affordable, and having a high probability of long-term classriom.

Improved Internet functionality enabled new schemes of communication with multimedia or webcams. According to a study conducted by the U. Computer-mediated communication CMC is between learners and instructors, mediated by the computer.

In addition, modern ICT provides education with tools for sustaining learning communities and associated knowledge management tasks. Students growing up in this digital age have extensive exposure to a variety of media. In the fall adobe after effects cs6 classroom in a book pdf freemore than 6 million students enrolled in at least one online course.

Indue to the COVID pandemicmany schools across the world were forced to close, which left more and more grade-school students participating in remote learning, and university-level students enrolling in online courses to enforce distance learning. Various pedagogical perspectives or learning theories may be considered in designing and interacting with educational technology.

E-learning theory examines these approaches. These theoretical perspectives are grouped into three main theoretical schools or philosophical frameworks: behaviorismqfter and constructivism.

This theoretical effecte was developed in the early 20th century based on animal learning experiments by Ivan PavlovEdward ThorndikeEdward C. TolmanClark L. Hulland B. Many psychologists used these results to develop theories of human learning, but modern educators generally see behaviorism as one aspect of a holistic synthesis. Teaching in behaviorism has been linked pdd training, emphasizing the animal learning experiments. Since behaviorism consists of the view of teaching people how to do something with rewards and punishments, it is related to training people.

Skinner wrote extensively on improvements of teaching based on his functional analysis of verbal behavior [57] [58] and wrote "The Technology of Teaching", [59] [60] an attempt to dispel the myths underlying contemporary education as well as promote his system he called programmed instruction. Ogden Lindsley developed a learning system, named Celeration, that was based on behavior analysis but that substantially differed from Keller's and Skinner's models.

Cognitive science /23876.txt significant change in the s and s to the point that some described the period as a "cognitive revolution" particularly in reaction to behaviorism. It refers to learning as "all bool by which the sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered, and used" by the human mind. Computer science and information technology have had a major influence on adobe after effects cs6 classroom in a book pdf free science theory.

The cognitive concepts of working memory formerly known as short-term memory and long-term memory have been facilitated by research and technology from the field of computer science. Another major influence on the field of cognitive science is Noam Chomsky. Today researchers are concentrating on topics like cognitive loadinformation processingand media psychology.

These theoretical perspectives influence instructional design. There are two separate schools of cognitivism, and these are the cognitivist aftre social cognitivist. The former focuses on the understanding of the thinking or cognitive claswroom of an individual while the latter jn social processes as influences in learning besides cognition.

Educational psychologists distinguish between several types of constructivism : individual or psychological constructivism, such as Piaget's theory of cognitive developmentand social constructivism. This form of constructivism has a primary focus on how learners construct their own meaning from new information, as they interact with reality and with other learners who bring different perspectives.

Under this framework the role of the teacher becomes that of a facilitator, providing guidance so that learners can construct their own knowledge. Constructivist educators must make sure that the prior learning experiences are appropriate and related to the concepts being taught. Jonassen suggests "well-structured" learning environments are useful for novice learners and that "ill-structured" environments are only useful for more advanced learners.

Educators utilizing a constructivist perspective may emphasize an active learning environment that may incorporate learner centered problem-based learningproject-based learningand inquiry-based learningideally involving real-world scenarios, in aodbe students are actively engaged in critical thinking activities. An illustrative discussion and example can be found источник the s deployment of constructivist cognitive learning in computer literacy, which involved programming as an instrument of learning.

The extent to which e-learning assists or replaces other learning and teaching approaches is variable, ranging on a continuum from none to fully online distance learning. For example, "hybrid learning" or по этому адресу blended learning " may refer to classroom aids and laptops, or may refer to approaches in which traditional classroom time is reduced but not eliminated, adobe after effects cs6 classroom in a book pdf free is replaced with some online learning.

E-learning may either be synchronous or asynchronous. Synchronous learning occurs in real-time, with all participants interacting at the same time, while asynchronous learning is self-paced and allows participants to engage in the exchange of ideas or information without the dependency of other participants' involvement at the same time. Synchronous learning refers to the exchange of ideas and information with one or more participants during the same period.

Examples are face-to-face discussion, online real-time live teacher instruction and feedback, Skype conversations, and chat rooms or virtual classrooms where everyone is online and working collaboratively at the same time.

Since students are working collaboratively, synchronized learning helps students become more open-minded because they have to actively listen and learn from their peers. Synchronized learning fosters online awareness and improves many students' writing skills. Asynchronous learning may use technologies such as learning management systemsadoneblogswikisand discussion boardsas well as web -supported textbooks, [76] hypertext documents, audio [77] video courses, and social networking using web 2.

At the professional educational level, training may include virtual operating rooms. Asynchronous ckassroom is beneficial for students who have health problems or who have child care responsibilities. They have the opportunity to complete their work in a low-stress environment and within a more flexible time frame.

Being a non-traditional student, they can manage their daily adobe after effects cs6 classroom in a book pdf free and school with and still have the social aspect.

   

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